Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, known as Sandro Botticelli
(1445 – 1510), was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He
belonged to the Florentine School under the patronage of Lorenzo de'
Medici, a movement that Giorgio Vasari would characterize less than a
hundred years later in his Vita of Botticelli as a "golden age".
Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century;
since then, his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of
Early Renaissance painting.
As well as the small number
of mythological subjects which are his best known works today, he
painted a wide range of religious subjects and also some portraits. He
and his workshop were especially known for their Madonna and Childs,
many in the round tondo shape. Botticelli's best-known works are The
Birth of Venus and Primavera, both in the Uffizi in Florence. He lived
all his life in the same neighbourhood of Florence, with probably his
only significant time elsewhere the months he spent painting in Pisa in
1474 and the Sistine Chapel in Rome in 1481–82.
Only
one of his paintings is dated, though others can be dated from other
records with varying degrees of certainty, and the development of his
style traced with confidence. He was an independent master for all the
1470s, growing in mastery and reputation, and the 1480s were his most
successful decade, when all his large mythological paintings were done,
and many of his best Madonnas. By the 1490s his style became more
personal and to some extent mannered, and he could be seen as moving in a
direction opposite to that of a new generation of painters, creating
the High Renaissance style just as Botticelli in returned in some ways
to the Gothic.
He has been described as "an outsider in
the mainstream of Italian painting", who had a limited interest in many
of the developments most associated with Quattrocento painting, such as
the realistic depiction of human anatomy, perspective, and landscape,
and the use of direct borrowings from classical art. His training
enabled him to represent all these aspects of painting, without
contributing to their development
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| Primavera or Allegory of Spring, 1478-1485 |
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| Primavera (detail) |
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| Madonna and Child and Two Angels, 1470 |
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| Madonna and child, 1470 |
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| Sacra conversazione altarpiece, 1470-72 |
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| Portrait of a Man with a Medal of Cosimo the Elder, 1474 |
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| Adoration of the Magi, 1475 |
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| Judith with the head of holofernes, 1475. |
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| Madonna with Lillies and Eight Angels, 1478 |
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| The Adoration of the Magi, 1478 |
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| Giuliano de Medici, 1480 |
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| La Bella Simonetta Simonetta Vespucci, 1480 |
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| Madonna of the Book, 1480 |
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| Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci, 1480 |
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| Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci as nymph 1480 |
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| Punishment of Korah, Dathan and Abiram, 1481 |
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| Adoration of the Magi, 1482 |
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| Pallas and the Centaur, 1482 |
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| Portrait of a Young Man, 1482-1485 |
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| Temptations of Christ, 1482 |
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| Magnificat Madonna, 1483 |
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| The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti III, 1483 |
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| Madonna with Saints, 1485 |
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| Portrait of a young man, 1485 |
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| Venus and Mars, 1485 |
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| The Birth of Venus, 1486 |
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| Cestello Annunciation, 1489-90 |
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| Lamentation over the Dead Christ. 1490 |
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| The Virgin Adoring the Sleeping Christ Child, 1490 |
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| Pala delle Convertite, 1491-93 |
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| Calumny of Apelles, 1494–95 |
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| The outcast, 1496 |
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| Mystic Crucifixion, about 1500 |
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| Mystic nativity, 1501 |
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| The Story of Virginia, 1504 |
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| Madonna and Child with Young Saint John the Baptist |
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